Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Disorders
Urogynecology, a subspecialty within gynecology, focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) that affect the bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum, and supporting muscles and tissues. These disorders are common, particularly among women who have given birth, experienced menopause, or undergone pelvic surgery. Despite their prevalence, pelvic floor disorders are often underreported due to stigma, embarrassment, or lack of awareness. Pelvic floor disorders encompass a range of conditions, including pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, overactive bladder, and pelvic pain. These issues occur when the muscles and connective tissues that support the pelvic organs become weakened or damaged. Vaginal childbirth is one of the leading risk factors for PFDs, as the strain and trauma associated with delivery can stretch or injure pelvic structures. Other contributing factors include aging, obesity, chronic constipation, hysterectomy, connective tissue disorders, and repetitive heavy lifting. As life expectancy increases, the incidence of pelvic floor disorders is expected to rise, making this a growing public health concern.