Breast Cancer: Screening, Diagnosis & Survivorship
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Its impact spans physical, emotional, psychological, and socioeconomic domains, making it one of the most significant public health challenges of our time. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and comprehensive survivorship care are key pillars in reducing mortality and improving quality of life for breast cancer patients. Mammography remains the gold standard for routine screening and has proven effective in identifying tumors before symptoms appear, significantly improving outcomes. In recent years, advancements such as digital breast tomosynthesis (3D mammography), automated breast ultrasound (ABUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for high-risk populations have enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of screening protocols. These technologies allow for better visualization of breast tissue, especially in women with dense breasts, which is a known risk factor for breast cancer and a challenge for traditional mammography. Accurate and timely diagnosis is equally critical. Once a suspicious lesion is detected, further diagnostic workup including clinical breast examination, ultrasound, biopsy (core needle or fine needle aspiration), and histopathological analysis helps determine the nature and stage of the tumor.